The Haryana government has proposed a new definition for the Aravalli Hills, which could reduce the areas legally protected and open large swathes of land for real estate and mining activities. Conservationists warn that this move may have serious ecological consequences for one of the world’s oldest mountain ranges.
🏞️ Proposed Definition of Aravalli Hills
The Mines & Geology Department has suggested that only hills and ranges of the Aravalli Supergroup and Delhi Supergroup, formed during the Palaeoproterozoic (2.5–1.6 billion years ago) and Mesoproterozoic (1.7–1 billion years ago) eras, and rising at least 100 metres above surrounding terrain, be classified as ‘Aravalli Hills and Ranges’.
This proposal excludes younger hills and isolated landforms below 100 metres, even if they are ecologically important.
⚠️ Potential Ecological Impact
Environmental experts warn that the 100-metre criterion could erase most of the Aravallis in Gurgaon and Faridabad from official maps, removing legal protections.
M D Sinha, former Conservator of Forests (South Haryana), explained:
“Many of these hills, though low and scrubby, perform vital ecological functions — conserving biodiversity, retaining water, regulating climate, and reducing heat and dust. Losing them will worsen water scarcity, air pollution, and extreme weather in Delhi-NCR.”
Without protection, these areas could be exploited by real estate developers and mining companies, benefiting only a small group of landowners.
📏 Rationale Behind the New Definition
The Mines & Geology Department claims the new definition aligns with the Geological Survey of India, which recognizes only ancient, linear, continuous ranges formed from Aravalli and Delhi Supergroup rocks. The 100-metre height limit is modeled on Rajasthan’s existing policy.
The department argues that including younger hills or isolated formations would dilute the geological identity of the Aravalli-Delhi fold belt.
❌ Criticism from Conservationists
Experts argue that the age and height of hills do not determine their ecological importance. Many of India’s oldest mountain systems, including large parts of the Eastern Ghats, would fail this test due to weathering and fragmentation over time.
Sinha emphasized:
“Even low scrub hills are essential for biodiversity, water retention, and climate regulation. Removing protection for these areas will harm millions of residents and benefit only a few commercial interests.”
🌿 Importance of Aravalli Hills
The Aravalli Hills play a crucial role in:
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Conserving biodiversity
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Retaining groundwater and surface water
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Controlling dust and heat in Delhi-NCR
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Preventing soil erosion and mitigating extreme weather
Conservationists stress that preserving all Aravalli landscapes, regardless of height or geological age, is critical for regional ecology and public well-being.
